Cambridge study widens BOAS risk list across brachycephalic breeds

A University of Cambridge study published February 18 in PLOS One found that 12 of 14 brachycephalic dog breeds assessed had some level of risk for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, or BOAS, expanding concern well beyond the breeds most commonly associated with the condition. In a cohort of 898 dogs, Pekingese and Japanese Chin showed the highest prevalence, while Shih Tzu, Boston Terrier, Griffon Bruxellois, King Charles Spaniel, and Dogue de Bordeaux were classified as moderate risk. Staffordshire Bull Terriers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Chihuahuas, Boxers, and Affenpinschers were considered mild risk, while Maltese and Pomeranians had no clinically significant disease detected in this sample. Across breeds, higher body condition score, nostril stenosis, and a lower craniofacial ratio were linked with greater BOAS risk. (journals.plos.org)

Why it matters: For veterinary professionals, the findings reinforce that BOAS screening shouldn't be limited to French Bulldogs, Pugs, and Bulldogs. The study suggests a broader set of brachycephalic breeds may warrant proactive respiratory assessment, weight-management counseling, and discussion with pet parents about heat intolerance, exercise limits, anesthetic risk, and possible referral for surgical evaluation. Cambridge researchers also said the work supports a breed-specific approach, rather than assuming all flat-faced breeds carry the same level of risk. (journals.plos.org)

What to watch: Whether BOAS grading and breeding-health schemes are expanded to additional breeds is the next practical question for clinicians, breeders, and breed organizations. (vet.cam.ac.uk)